Mediators of mechanotransduction between bone cells

Mechanical forces are known to regulate the function of tissues in the body, including bone. Bone adapts to its mechanical environment by altering its shape and increasing its size in response to increases in mechanical load associated with exercise, and by decreasing its size in response to decreases in mechanical load associated with microgravity or prolonged bed rest. Changes in bone size and shape are produced by a cooperative action of two main types of the bone cells - osteoclasts that destroy bone and osteoblasts that build bone. These cell types come from different developmental origins, and vary greatly in their characteristics, such as size, shape, and expression of receptor subtypes, which potentially may affect their responses to mechanical stimuli. The objective of this study is to compare the responses of osteoclasts and osteoblasts to mechanical stimulation. This study has allowed us to conclude the following: 1. A mediator is released from a single source cell. 2. The response to the mediator changes with distance. 3. The value of the apparent diffusion coeficient increases with distance. 4. A plausible proposed mechanism is that ATP is released and degrades to ADP. 5. Future experiments are required to confim that ATP is the mediator as suggested

Kraichnan model of passive scalar advection

A simple model of a passive scalar quantity advected by a Gaussian non-solenoidal ("compressible") velocity field is considered. Large order asymptotes of quantum-field expansions are investigated by instanton approach. The existence of finite convergence radius of the series is proved, a position and a type of the corresponding singularity of the series in the regularization parameter are determined. Anomalous exponents of the main contributions to the structural functions are resummed using new information about the series convergence and two known orders of the expansion.Comment: 21 page

Volunteer activities as a way of organizing sports and recreation activities at the university

Health is the basis of human life, its material wealth, labor activity, success and longevity. It reflects the quality of life and well-being of the country directly affects the productivity, economy, defenses, moral principles of society, the mood of the people. Young people and especially students - are the ones who have an impact on older and younger generationЗдоровье является основой жизнедеятельности человека, его материального благополучия, трудовой активности, творческих успехов и долголетия. Оно отражает уровень жизни и благополучия страны, непосредственно влияет на производительность труда, экономику, обороноспособность, нравственные принципы общества, настроение людей. Молодежь, а в особенности студенты - именно те, кто имеют влияние на старшие и подрастающие поколени

Interuniversity collaboration and distance learning of biostatistics for the postgraduate medical students

There is a need of the biomedical statistics knowledge for medical scientists. The role of interuniversity collaboration and distance learning for the postgraduate medical students are discussed. The main purpose of the e-learning course “biomedical statistics” is to increase understanding and knowledge of methods and techniques of statistical analysis for biomedical datasets with the help of the statistical softwareРассматривается необходимость и возможность изучения биомедицинской статистики аспирантами-медиками через межвузовское сотрудничество аэрокосмического и медицинского университетов, а также с помощью дистанционного обучения. Разработанный курс биостатистики имеет практическую направленность и способствует повышению понимания учащимися методов и технологий статистического анализа массивов биомедицинских данных в среде статистических пакето

Novel steady state of a microtubule assembly in a confined geometry

We study the steady state of an assembly of microtubules in a confined volume, analogous to the situation inside a cell where the cell boundary forms a natural barrier to growth. We show that the dynamical equations for growing and shrinking microtubules predict the existence of two steady states, with either exponentially decaying or exponentially increasing distribution of microtubule lengths. We identify the regimes in parameter space corresponding to these steady states. In the latter case, the apparent catastrophe frequency near the boundary was found to be significantly larger than that in the interior. Both the exponential distribution of lengths and the increase in the catastrophe frequency near the cell margin is in excellent agreement with recent experimental observations.Comment: 8 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Тенденції розвитку міжнародного туризму

The sphere of international tourism for the period 2000–2018 has been explored and analyzed in the article. The dynamics of the world tourist flows development and income from international tourism are considered, the determinants of development are derived, the regional structure of the world market of tourist services is given. The development of the tourism industry in the world is analyzed by indicators: the number of tourist arrivals, tourism revenues at current prices, total contribution of tourism to GDP. The main tourist regions are analyzed in the context of the study, they are compared both in terms of the number of tourist visits, and a list of the TOP 10 countries by volume of foreign exchange earnings from tourism in recent years. It is concluded that in recent years, there is a continuing upward trend in demand for emerging markets, with old markets such as the European market, partially losing its popularity. In the process of research, it is determined that in the conditions of development of the world economy, expansion of volumes of international trade, improvement of means of transport, communication, increase of internationalization and globalization of the world economy the demand for tourist services increases. One of the peculiarities of the development of the international tourist services market is the globalization of the market, which has reached all sectors of the tourism industry. It is concluded that nowadays international tourism is an important area of international economic activity, a complex sphere that significantly affects both the structure and the situation in the world economy as well as the economies of most individual countries and regions of the world. Tourism development has a stimulating effect on such sectors of the economy as transport, communications, trade, construction, agriculture, production of consumer goods, and іt is one of the most promising areas of structural restructuring of the economy, confirming the amount of foreign exchange earnings from tourism in the world in general and in individual countries. It is the increasing demand for tourism services and the volume of foreign exchange earnings from tourism in the world makes the topic relevant for further research

ЗАХИСТ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО БІЗНЕСУ В КОНКУРЕНТНОМУ ПРАВІ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the procedural rights of private persons in EU competition law, including Ukrainian ones who carry on business in the EU. In order to be successful in doing business in the EU, private persons (individuals and legal entities) need to be aware of their rights and be able to effectively protect them. In the field of EU competition law procedural rights of individuals are of particular importance, since very often their violations during the investigation of competitive cases become the grounds for challenging decisions of such institution as the European Commission, which is one of the main regulators of EU competition law. The article explores the scope of procedural rights of private persons, such as the right to defense, which includes the so-called privilege against self-discrimination, the right to be heard, the right to have a representative and the right to defend communication with a representative, the right to good governance, the principle of innocence, etc. Importantly, this study is based on an analysis of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice the EU, which has jurisdiction to protect private persons against EU institutions’ infringements and has the monopoly to interpret EU law.Аналіз процесуальних прав суб’єктів конкурентного права ЄС, які стосуються в тому числі й українських приватних осіб, що здійснюють свою підприємницьку діяльність на території ЄС. Зважаючи на те, що між Україною та ЄС діє Угода про асоціацію, що набула чинності 2017 року та яка запустила функціонування зони вільної торгівлі, відкривається багато можливостей для українського бізнесу на території ЄС. Так, 10 822 українські компанії працюють в ЄС, український експорт в ЄС 2018 року становив 42,6 %, а в першій половині того самого року Україна експортувала товарів та послуг в ЄС на 11,2 мільярда дол., що майже на 2 млрд дол. більше за аналогічний період попереднього року. Найбільшими торгівельними партнерами для України в ЄС є шість країн — Іспанія, Нідерланди, Італія, Польща, Німеччина і Франція. У цьому контексті для українського бізнесу є вкрай актуальним і важливим обізнаність у своїх матеріальних та процедурних правах для того, щоб ефективно їх реалізовувати і вдало захищати свої власні інтереси. У сфері конкурентного права ЄС особливого значення набувають саме процесуальні права приватних осіб, оскільки дуже часто підставою оскарження рішень такого інституту, як Європейська Комісія, яка є одним з головних регуляторів конкурентного  права ЄС, стають порушення процесуальних прав під час проведення розслідування у конкурентних справах. Досліджено зміст таких процесуальних прав приватних осіб, як права на захист, яке включає так званий привілей проти самодискримінації, право бути заслуханим, право мати представника і право на захист спілкування з представником, право на належне управління, принцип невинуватості тощо. Важливим є те, що це дослідження засновано на аналізі судової практики Суду справедливості ЄС, який наділений юрисдикцією щодо захисту прав приватних осіб від порушень з боку інститутів ЄС, а також має монопольне право на тлумачення права ЄС, тож саме він виступає тією інстанцією, котра розвиває право у цій сфері